This is a list of intruments used in ophthalmology clinical and surgical and its function in brief let's go:
- Toric Marker
to mark 0 to 180
degree reference mark for Toric IOL implant
- Pre-chopper
to chop lens into pieces before
implantation new lens and reduce phaco time
- Spectacles (glasses)
to correct refractive errors of the
eye; not invasive
- Contact lenses
to correct refractive errors of the
eye; a little invasive
- Phoropter
used in refraction testing
- Tonometers
used to determine the intraoccular
pressure (IOP) - useful in glaucoma; vide link for various types of tonometers.
- Speculum:
to
keep the eyes open during any operation
- Universal eye speculum
heavy instrument
and can not keep eyelashes out of the operating field
•Guarded eye speculum
(left and right)
heavy instrument but
can keep eyelashes out of the operating field with its "guard" and
hence left or right ones are required
•Wire Speculum
to keep the eyes open during any operation; light wire instrument
Needle holders:
holding the needle in position while
applying sutures
•Silcock's needle holder
has a catch and is used for heavier gauge needles; used mainly for
skin, muscle and corneal incisions
•Arruga's needle holder
has a catch (lock) and is used for heavier gauge needles (thicker
than 6-0); used mainly for skin, muscle and corneal incisions
•Barraquer's needle
holder
small instrument with a spring action with or without a catch used
for finer gauge needles (5-0 or finer); used mainly for intraoccular incisions
Forceps:
to hold anything
•Artery forceps
(haemostat)
medium sized, with a serrated tip and
a catch; used to hold bleeding vessels and compress them in order to make them
stop bleeding and also to hold or crush structures.
•Fixation forceps
has a few teeth at the tip; for holding structures and restricting
their movement or to hold small swabs
•Plain dissecting
forceps
blunt untoothed with a serrated tip; for holding structures and
restricting their movement or to hold small swabs
•Iris forceps
fine
tipped (straight or otherwise) with small teeth; to hold the iris tissue during
procedures
•Elschnig's
intracapsular forceps
fine untoothed forceps for holding tissue, swabs, sutures, etc.;
removing things like clots, capsule fragments, lens, etc.; used in cataract
surgery
•Arruga's intracapsular
forceps
fine untoothed forceps holding tissue, swabs, sutures, etc.; removing
things like clots, capsule fragments, lens, etc.; used in cataract surgery
•Colibri forceps
fine
toothed forceps for holding flaps of cornea or sclera and rarely the iris
•Saint Martin's forceps
holding
flaps of cornea or sclera and rarely the iris
•Superior rectus holding
forceps
specially curved (to fit into the orbit of the eye) forceps for
catching hold of the muscle bellies of the intraorbital muscles and sutures
•Suture tier forceps
fine
limbed untoothed forceps to hold fine sutures or hairs
•Capsulotomy forceps
to
tear the anterior capsule of the lens during cataract surgery
•Disc holding forceps
used
in glaucoma surgery (obsolete)
•Capsulorhexis forceps
fine
sharp-tipped untoothed forceps for doing a continuous curvilinear incision and
removal of the anterior capsule of the lens ("continuous curvilinear
capsulorhexis - ccc")
•MacPherson's forceps
fine
sharp-tipped untoothed forceps with an angulation for holding parts of the
lens, the intraocular lens, 10-0 (very fine) sutures, etc.
•Chalazion forceps
(clamp)
self-retaining with discoid ends; used to hold and prevent a chalazion
from bleeding during its surgery
Diamond knife
used to perform microincisions on the
cornea in the Radial keratotomy and Mini Asymmetric Radial Keratotomy (M.A.R.K.)
•Epilation forceps
(Cilia forceps)
stout flat-ended blunt forceps with a thickened end to remove eyelashes
•Entropion forceps
self-retaining
with big discoid ends used to hold and prevent an entropion from bleeding
during its surgery
Chalazion scoop
to remove the granulation tissue from
a chalazion during surgery
Entropion clamp
right and left varieties exist; large clamp with two limbs;
self-retaining with big discoid ends used to hold and prevent an entropion from
bleeding during its surgery
Nettleship's punctum dilator
to
dilate the lacrimal punctum of the lacrimal apparatus of the eye for syringing
or operations
Cystitome
a 26 gauge needle bent twice used for incising the anterior capsule of
the lens in lens extraction
Wire vectis
a
loop of wire attached to a stack used to extract cataract affected lenses
Irrigating vectis
a small
hollow instrument with a used to introduce fluid into the anterior chamber to
raise its pressure to aid cataract extraction
Canula
used to carry fluid
•Irrigation-aspiration
two-way canula
effectively two small canulae fitted together, one to introduce fluid
and the other to extract the cortical materials, blood, etc. in eye operations
•Lacrimal canula
small curved canula the size of a syringe needle used to introduce fluids
or drugs into the nasolacrimal passage to test its patency or during surgery
(dacrocystography, dacrocystectomy, dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR), etc.
Lang's lacrimal dissector with scoop
for
blunt dissections and cleaning during operations like dacryocystorhinostomy
Rougine
dissection of lacrimal sac
Retractor
to pull and hold overlying tissue out
of the operating field
•Muller's self retaining
adjustable haemostatic retractor self
retaining haemostatic
•Cat's paw retractor
•Desmarre's lid
retractor
specially for noncooperative patients and to see the fornices (see
human eye)
Bone punch
to
fracture pieces from a thin bone in facial surgery and during operations like
dacryocystorhinostomy
Evisceration spoon or scoop
removing
all the contents of the eyeball during evisceration (complete removal of all
structures within the eye in diseases like endophthalmitis
Lid plate
flat large instrument that has a groove and is placed between the lid
and globe of the eye to provide a solid support for eyelid surgery
- Hammer, chisel and bone gouge bone cutting and shaping
- Bowmen's discission needle
microsurgery
of the lens capsule
- Knives
to cut structures
•Surgical scalpel with
small blades
general purpose instrument
•von Graefe's cataract
knife
cutting out of the anterior chamber from the inside through the limbus
•Tookes' knife
(Sclero-corneal splitter)
making sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery
(SICS)" and keratoplasty
•Crescent knife
(Sclero-corneal splitter)
making sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery"
•Angular keratome
making
sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery"; larger
one used to increase the size of the incision
•Side-port blade
making sclerocorneal "side port" (a secondary tunnel) tunnels
in "small incision cataract surgery"
•Beer's knife
incise
the conjunctiva or the eyelid skin
•Keratotome
small
triangular blade with two sharp edges used to incise the limbus (sclerocorneal
junction)
•Zeigler's knife
very
tiny knife for intaoccular maneuvers specially when space is less
- Scissors
•Conjunctival sac
scissors
flat small curved scissors to cut the
conjunctive
•Corneal spring scissors
medium
spring-open used to cut the external side of the cornea, fine sutures; iris,
etc.
•de' Wecker's iris
scissors
small slender spring-open scissors for
intraoccular maneuvers (iris and deeper and more delicate structures); has two
wings to operate it and one sharp and one blunt blade.
•Vannas' scissors
small slender spring-open scissors for intraoccular maneuvers (iris and
deeper and more delicate structures); has two wings to operate it and one sharp
and one blunt blade.
•Enucleation scissors
thick
scissors used to cut the optic nerve in enucleation operation
- Bowman's lacrimal probe
probing the nasolacrimal duct
- Lens expressor
used to
force out the lens in extracapsular or intracapsular cataract extraction
- McNamar's spoon
used to force out the lens in intracapsular cataract extraction
- Iris repositor two limbed instrument used to remove the iris during posterior chamber maneuvers
- Sinsky's hook intraocular lens dialler
angulated round hook with a handle
used in insertion of an intraocular lens
Strabismus hook
muscle hook or squint hook; sharp tip
or knobbed tip; used in squint surgery
Foreign body spud and needle Spud
to remove superficial and needle for the deep foreign bodies in the eye
Elliot's trephine with handle
used
in corneal donation (eye donation) to cut out the cornea in a circular fashion
Castroveijo's calipers
various
measurements are taken
Castroveijo's corneal trephine
used
in corneal donation (eye donation) to cut out the cornea in a circular fashion
Pin-hole
testing visual acuity
Red green goggles
(red - right side & green - left side) used in Worth 4 dot test,
diplopia testing
Prisms
to measure the degree of squints; in
other instruments; refractive correction; etc.
Placido's disc
to
assess the condition of the corneal surface
Retinoscope
objective determination of refractive
error and for looking inside the eye
Loupe used
ot search for magnified examination of the anterior segment of the eye
(uniocular or binocular)
Jackson's cross cylinder used to
check the power and axis of a cylindrical lens
Maddox rod used
to test for latent squint and retinal function
Refraction box has
lenses of different powers for refraction testing
Slit lamp bio microscope
used for examining the anteriorly
placed structures the eye; vide link
Charts for vision
-
•Distant vision
to determine visual acuity of distant
vision
••Snellen's distant
vision chart
-do-; for those who can
read in English
••Regional language
charts -do-; for those who can read in their local language
••E Chart
-do-; for those who can
not read
••Landolt's broken ring
chart
-do-; for those who can
not read
••Toys pr picture chart -do-;
for children
•Near vision
-do-; to determine
visual acuity of near vision
••Jager's chart -do-
••Printer's types of N
series -do-
••Snellen's near chart
(1/17th reduction of distant chart) -do-; standard chart of alphabets; vide link
•Colour vision:
to test colour vision
••Ishihara's chart
to determine the type of colour
blondness
Stenopaeic slit
detection of axis of the cylindrical
(astigmatism) power of the eye; glaucoma testing
Implants
-
•Intraocular
lens
prosthetic lenses implanted after lens
(anatomy) removal
•Artificial eyes as
non-functional cosmetic implants into the eye socket
Blade breaker
to break disposable blade after use to
prevent reuse
Thermo-cautery
to coagulate blood vessels and prevent
haemorrhage
Cryoprobe
to freeze and extract the lens
Yttrium aluminium garnet laser (YAG
laser)
to correct posterior capsular
opacification (specially after removal of a cataract, if required), peripheral
iridotomy, retinal surgery, laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratectomy
(LASEK) etc.
Electrolysis
used for permanent hair removal
Electrocautery
for electrosurgery
Phacoemulsification
used for extraction of a cataract
affected lens after emulsifying it using a high frequency (energy) ultrasound
probe
